
(a)(i) Laws of solid friction states that:
— friction opposes motion
— friction depends on the nature of e surfaces
— friction is independent of the area of the surfaces in contact
— frictional force F is proportional to the normal reaction R
— friction is dependent of relative velocity between the surfaces.
ii) Advantages of friction:
— it prevents man from ipping when walking
— it provides gripping effect of beIts in machines
— for grinding when using grinding ones
— used for the production of electric charges used in the brake systems of vehicles etc.
iii) Methods of reducing friction:
— by lubrication by streamlining
— by smoothing
— by using ball bearings or rollers.
b)
(c)(i) Efficiency = x 100%
=
= M.A x
(ii) x 100
Work input = x 100
=
= 15,000J or 15KJ