The table shows the outcome when a die is thrown a number of times. If the probability of obtaining a 3 is 0.225; (a) How many times was the die thrown? (b) Calculate the probability that a trial chosen at random gives a score of an even number or a prime number.
Explanation
(a) From the table, \(\sum f = x + 155\) P(obtaining a 3) = \(\frac{\text{no of times a 3 was obtained}}{\sum f}\) \(\frac{x}{x + 155} = 0.225\) \(x = 0.255x + (155 \times 0.225)\) \(x - 0.225x = 34.875 \) \(0.775x = 34.875\) \(x = \frac{39.875}{0.775}\) \(x = 45\) \(\sum f = 155 + x = 155 + 45 = 200\) Hence, the die was thrown 200 times. (b) Set of even numbers = {2, 4, 6} Set of prime numbers = {2, 4, 5} Therefore, \(N \cup M = (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)\) \(n(N \cup M) = 30 + 45 + 28 + 40 + 32 = 175\) \(P(N \cup M) = \frac{175}{200} = 0.875\)