(i)
The length of the parallel of latitude 46°N = \(2 \pi R \cos 46°\)
= \(2 \times 3.142 \times 6400 \times 0.6947\)
= \(27,939.167 km \approxeq 28000 km\) (to the nearest 100km)
(ii)
Longitudinal difference between K and Q = 130° - 103° = 27°
Distance between K and Q = length of arc KQ
= \(\frac{27}{360} \times 2 \times 3.142 \times 6400 \times \cos 46°\)
= \(2,095.31 km \approxeq 2100km\) (to the nearest 100km)
(iii)
Longitudinal difference between Q and P = 103° + 23° = 126°
Distance between Q and P = \(\frac{126}{360} \times 2 \times 3.142 \times 6400 \times \cos 46°\)
= \(9778.12 km \approxeq 9780 km\) (to the nearest 10km)