(a) The Arabic noun qada (قَضَى) means "a decree" and verb qudiya (قُضِيَ) means literally "carrying out or fulfilling". In Islamic jurisprudence it refers to fulfilling or completing those duties that one may have missed due to some reason or other. It can also mean qadee, a court judgement or the art of adjudication.
(b) Fidysh Signifies substitution of Ramadan fast with feeding of a needy or poor person for every missed day.
(c) kaffarah, it simply stands for atonement or expiation for intentionally breaking a day fast during Ramadan
(d) Sahūr or Sahoor, also called Sahari or Sehri is the meal consumed early in the morning by Muslims before fasting, before dawn during or outside the Islamic month of Ramadan. The meal is eaten before fajr prayer.
(e) Iftar, also known as ftoor, is the evening meal with which Muslims end their daily Ramadan fast at sunset. They break their fast at the time of the call to prayer for the evening prayer