i. Introduction of modem system of government e.g. democracy.
ii. Introduction of currency e.g. pounds.
iii. Establishment of financial institutions i.e. banks and insurance companies.
iv. Establishment of health institutions e.g. hospitals, clinics etc.
v. The development of modem communication systems. i.e. telephone.
vi.Introduction of modern transportation system e.g. roads, railways etc.
vii. Introduction of lingua franca.
viii. The exploration of West African resources.
ix. Introduction of modem technology in mining, agriculture etc.
x. Introduction of cash crops like cocoa, cashew, rubber etc.
xi. Introduction of western education.
xii. Abolition of obnoxious cultural practices i.e. human sacrifices and killing of twins.
xiii Creation of nation-states.
xiv Modernization of tax system.
xv Introduction of Christianity.