9a) It is an association formed by a group of people, who share common interest, to resist political domination, economic exploitation, racial discrimination and cultural intimidation and to struggle for political independence.
(b)(i) Increased African participation in politics as it led to the inclusion of Africans into the executive and legislative councils.
(ii) Their agitations led to the introduction and extension of franchise in west Africa (elective principles)
(iii) Their struggle led to the Africanization of the civil service.
(iv) They made Africans aware of the shortcomings of colonial rule and their political rights.
(v) Nationalist movements led to the development of political parties in West Africa.
(vi) Higher institutions of learning were established.
(vii) Checked the excesses of the colonial government.
(viii) Emergence of nationalist newspapers.
(ix) They achieved independence for their respective countries.
(x) Emergence of militant Trade Unions, Pressure Groups, Interest Groups, etc.
(xi) Brought about several constitutional reforms in British West Africa.