(a) Fundamental Human Rights are inalienable freedoms and privileges that individuals are entitled to in a State e.g. right to life, right to fair hearing, right to freedom of movement, etc.
(b)(i) Entrenchment of Fundamental Human Rights in the State's constitution.
(ii) Existence of an impartial, free and independent judiciary.
(iii) Enactment of laws that protect the rights of individuals.
(iv) The existence of a free and independent media.
(v) Citizens must be educated to be able to defend their rights.
(vi) Public opinion must be effectively used to protect any violation of the rights of the citizens.
(vii) Existence of institutions such as the Ombudsman and the Public Complains Commission.
(viii) Respect for the rule of law.
(ix) Respect for international laws and conventions.
(ix) Provision of free legal aid.
(xi) Adherence to the doctrine of Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances.