(a) Proportional representation is a process adopted in electing representatives in multi-member constituencies and is used to secure representation in the legislature. Every association or political party gets seats in proportion to the percentage of votes cast. The more the percentage of votes cast, the more the seats that will be allocated to the favourable party. This system results in producing representation for diverse interest groups in a locality or community.
There are two different types of proportional representation:
(i) the single transferable vote or the quota system, and the multi-member party list. Merits of proportional representation: (i) It gives a true picture of popular votes.
(ii) All interest groups in a community are represented.
(iii)The system makes for democracy.
(iv) Not only the interests of the majority are protected, but that of the minority are equally protected.
(v) Voters have wider choice especially in a multi-member constituency.
(vi) The opportunity is given to a voter to choose candidates of his choice based on party and personal merits.
Demerits of proportional representation:
(i) The multiplication of political parties may bring about violence in the system.
(ii)The system is prone to political instability.
(iii) The absence of a clear majority in the legislature may bring about the formation of a coalition government which does not make for durable and efficient government.
(iv) Voters can easily vote blindly in this system. This is as a result of too many political parties that cannot be easily assessed by the people.
(v) The system is too expensive to operate.
(vi) It is a difficult form of electing representatives