(a) Landforms associated with coastal erosion:
- Arch
- Stack
- Headland
- Offshore terraces
- Coastal plain
- Bay
- Caves
- Capes or promontories
- Hanging valley
- Cliff
- Blowholes/gloups
- Geo/inlet
- Wavecut platform.
(b) Processes of wave erosion:
(i) Hydraulic action:
- Action of moving water
- Wearing down of coastal landforms
- Takes place on coastal rocks and river beds
- Due to sheer force of water
- Starts with coastal rock developing cracks
- Waves throw water against the cracked rocks
- Air is trapped in cracks
- Trapped air is compressed by the force of the wave
- On the retreat of waves the compressed air expands
- The process repeats itself multiple times
- The expansion is with Blow Stump
-This process is hydraulic action
(ii) Corrasion:
- Erosive action of running water
- Common in the upper and middle course of rivers
- Running water carries load
- The load could be boulders, pebbles, and other rocks fragments
- The rocks materials act as scouring tools
- They are hauled against the coastal rocks, to form other landform features.
- The rate of erosion also depends on the level of resistance of the coastal rocks