(a) Differences between weather and climate: weather shows the immediate state of the atmosphere while climate gives the average Condition of the atmosphere, - weather is the condition of the atmosphere as experienced for a short period of time while climate is the condition of the atmosphere as experienced over a long period of time usually for over 35 years, - weather description covers a relatively small area while climate description covers wide areas, - weather descriptions cannot be generalized while climatic descriptions can be generalised, - weather is dominated by one element at a time while climate is dominated by several elements at a time, - weather changes frequently while climate changes after a long period of time, - all weather elements are considered and measured in the description of climate while only selected elements are considered in weather description. (b) Instruments used in measuring weather elements: (i) Sunshine-Sundial/Sunshine Recorder/Campbel strokes recorder/pyranometer (ii) Rainfall- Cloud Cover ceilometers/Oktas/cloud mirror
(c) of how wind is measured: Measure With anemometer,-anemometer placed open space - anemometer has four metal cups, the cups are fitted to metal arms, - a shaft is connecting the metal arm to a meter - cups rotate freely on the vertical shaft- the stronger the wind, the faster the rotation- the number of rotations is indicated on the meter to give the speed of the wind - measured in knot/hour- measured in knot by marine professionals- measured in aeronautical applications; the observation is made twice a day, the measurement is not so reliable because the cups/shaft continue to rotate after the wind stops. Recording of wind speed: recording takes place daily, - usually between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3 p.m., - recording is done in a noted book, day of recording is stated; recording is signed by the observer.