(a) Characteristics of nucleated settlements:
(i) The buildings are very close to one another; they are concentrated in a small area.
(ii) There is availability of many social amenities.
(iii) They are typical urban settlements.
(iv) People are mainly involved in secondary and tertiary activities like manufacturing and construction.
(v) There is an obvious centre called a nucleus.
(vi) The areas are well connected with roads.
(vii) In such settlements, farmlands are located outside the settlement
(viii) There is a high level of interactions among the inhabitants of such settlements.
(b) Functions of cities in the world:
(i)Expensive or rare goods/services are sold, e.g. Lagos.
(ii) Provision of jobs in industries or services.
(iii) Serving as an administration centre for the areas around it.
(iv) Serving as an entertainment centre, e.g. shopping areas, sporting attractions, restaurants, etc.
(v) It is a large town.
(vi) It has a greater number of population than town.
(vii) It has greater services to perform than town, e.g. Lagos, Kaduna, Ibadan, Kano and Benin.
(c) Factors that favour the growth of settlements:
(i) Existence of social amenities
(ii) favourable climate
(iii)Adequate water supply
(iv) Fertile land / nature of soil
(v) Land for building
(vi) Accessibility/good transport and communication networks
(vii) Defence
(viii) Favourable climate
(ix) Presence of minerals
(x) Absence of disasters.