(a) Ocean routes used in the world trade: (i) The North Atlantic route. (ii) The Mediterranean-Asiatic route (The Mediterranean or Suez Canal route) (iii) The South African route (Cape route).
(iv) The South Atlantic route. (v) The North Pacific route. (vi) The Trans-Pacific route. (Vii) The Panama canal route.
(b) Ways in which water transportation has contributed to economic developments: i) movement of goods/services. (ii) Enhanced high production of goods.
(iii) Development of tourism. (iv) Access to natural resources. (v) Manpower development/capacity, building. (vi) Improved standard of living.
(v) National integration. (vi) Development of infrastructure. (vii) Industrial development/allied industries. (viii) Development of towns and cities.
(ix) promotes internal trade. (x) promotes international trade. (xi) Development of ports and harbours. (xii) Employment opportunities.
(xiii) Diffusion of ideas/ innovation/technology. (xiv) Linkage of places (national and internal) (xv) Revenue to government. (xvi) Income to workers and investors.
(xvii) Foreign exchange earnings. (xviii) Movement of people.
(c) Ways of improving transportation on inland waterways: (1) Dredging of river channels. (ii) Installation of modern/improved navigation aids. (iii) Manpower development.
(iii) Building of canals to straighten winding water courses/channelization. (v) Cleaning of water weeds. (vi) Government and public partnership to operate and maintain transportation.
(vii) Medical facilities could be fitted on boats. (viii) Construction and maintenance of river ports. (ix) Easy access to loans for operations/provision of capital.
(x) Training and retraining of marine personnel. (xi) Use of modem and refrigerated vessels. (xii) Use of ice breakers.
(xiii) The use of barrages or narrow boats. (xiv) Construction of dams to maintain depth of water. (xv) Construction of canals to by-pass waterfalls and cataracts.
(xvi) Modern safety measures on vessels/protective devices. (xvii) Modern security measures. (xviii) Good and modern management practice. (xix) Removal of tree stumps. (xx) Enlightenment on the use of inland waterways.