(a) Ways by which urban settlements differ from one another:
(i) Site (physical location) (ii) Situation (locational relationship to other areas) (iii) Size (area and population) (iv) Function (administrative, industrial. commercial. etc)
(v) Plan and layout (structure and pattern). (vi) Outlook (cleanliness. beauty.) (vii) Quality of services (high order - ICE health. insurance. etc)
(viii) Infrastructure/social amenities.
(b)Factors that have contributed to the high population density in Japan: (i) Low mortality rate. (ii) Improved medical services. Availability of natural resources. e.g. water.
(iv) Advanced industrialization. (v) Advanced/ improved technology. (vi) Practice of intensive agriculture. (vii) Immigration. (viii) Fertile alluvial soils which promote agriculture.
(ix) Favourable climate (monsoon) (x) Large market (xi) Presence of social amenities. (xii)Accessibility. (xiii) i i) Improved transport.
(xiv) Advanced communication network (xv) Availability of minerals ( feldspar. granite. limestone. quartzite. etc). (xvi) Political stability/good governance.
(xvii) High standard of (xviii) Well developed infrastructure.
(c) Problems resulting from the high population density in Japan:
(i) Overcrowding (ii) Traffic congestion (iii) Pressure on social amenities. (iv) High cost of food. (v) environmental pollution/degradation.
(vi) High rate of stress (hypertension and other health related challenges) (vii) Unemployment/under employment (viii) high rate of crime.
(ix) social vices (e.g. prostitution. drug abuse. etc). (x) cost of living (xi) Iliad xiv) pressure on natural
(xii) Development of slums and ghettos. (xiii) Increase in government expenditure.
(xiv) pressure on natural resources e.g. land (xv) Waste management challenges. (xvi) Development of slums and ghettos.
(xvii) increase of government spending (xviii) pressure on natural resources.