(a) Factors that accounted for the world's rapid population growth: (i) improved medical care / low mortality rate. (ii) Advances in science and technology.
(iii) Early marriages. (iv) Poor family planning (v) Illiteracy, (vi) Viewing child bearing as traditional function of women.
(vii) Improved sanitation/hygiene (viii) Religious beliefs (e.g. Roman Catholics, Muslims, Hindus, etc. encourage large family).
(ix) Improved transportation and communication, (x) Improved social amenities. (xi) Industrialization. (xii) Desire for particular sex
(xiii) Polygamy/Desire for large family size. (xiv) Improved agricultural practices / improved crop yield
(b) Problems of rapid population growth: (i) Environmental pollution. (ii) Traffic congestion.
(iii) Pressure on natural resources. (iv) Insufficient food / Malnutrition /Starvation. (v) Unemployment / Under employment.
(vi) Inadequate housing. (vii) Increase in crime wave (viii) Pressure on social amenities.
(ix) Development of slums and ghettos. (x) Inadequate health services. (xi) High cost of living/ inflation.
(xii) Increase in government expenditure. (xiii) Problem of waste management, (xiv) Easy spread of diseases.