(b) Methods of mining columbite in Nigeria
(i) open cast operation
(ii) Removal of overburden
(iii) Application of dynamites and explosives
(iv) Usage of mechanical shovels, pick axes
(v) Dragline collects into heaps
(vi) Usage of monitor to wash the ore
(vii) Usage of trucks to convey ore to factory for smelting
(viii) Conveyance by rail for export.
(c) Adverse effects of mining in the area of operation
(a) Environmental pollution
(b) Global warming
(c) Environmental degradation
(d) Development of ghost towns
(e) Destruction of ecosystem
(f) Displacement of settlements
(g) Loss of farm lands / grazing lands
(h) Communal conflicts
(i) Reduction in agricultural labour force
(j) Health hazards such as asthma, lung and heart disorders
(k) Mining hazards such as collapse of mines.