(a) Write notes on flooding under the following:
(a) Definition of flooding Flooding can be defined as a situation of excessive volume of water in an area not usually under water or could be referred to as excessive large quantity of water which overflows existing channels.
(b) Causes of flooding
(i) Deforestation
(ii) Excessive rainfall in an area
(iii) Collapse of dams
(iv) Careless dumping of refuse which block culverts or river channels
(v) Inadequate urban planning
(vi) Poor drainage system or absence of channels / culverts
(vii) Strong tidal waves near coast e.g Bar Beach in Lagos
(viii) Establishment of settlement on rivers channels
(ix) High water table.
(c) Effects
(1) Create health hazards
(2) Displacement of people / settlement
(3) Loss of lives and properties
(4) Makes human and vehicular movements difficult
(5) Can spread water-borne diseases
(6) Lead to destruction of farmlands
(7) Wash away roads and railways
(d) Solution to flooding
(a) Adequate urban planning
(b) Resettlement of displaced people
(c) construction of water channels
(d) Afforestation and re-afforestation
(e) Legislation against indiscriminate dumping of refuse
(f) Environmental clean-up to clear blocked channels
(g) Proper channelization of floods in urban centres