(a) Settlement: A group of buildings with people in them. A settlement is a centre for human activities. It is made up of houses, communication network (roads, tracks, railways, etc.). It may be only one house, a group of houses, a village, a town or a city.
(ii) Two major types on settlement: Rural settlement, Urban settlement
(b) Factors that influence the location of settlement availability of water
— availability of suitable land on which to build
— abundant farmland with good soils
— suitable defence features e.g. hill top meeting point of communication routes
— presence of mineral resources
— sites for generating HEP
— absence of pests and diseases
— government policy
— sheltered indentation on coastline
(c) Functions of settlements commercial centres e.g. Kano, Onitsha, Banjul, Freetown, Lagos.
— Port-Harbour e.g. Lagos — Mining towns e.g. Jos
— administrative centres e.g. London, Abuja, Accra.
— religious centres e.g. Rome, Mecca
— educational centres e.g. Oxford, lbadan, Nsukka, Zaria
— military centre e.g. Jaji
— tourist centres e.g. Banjul, Miami, Bauchi, Cape Coast.