(a) Deforestation: This is the process of cutting down trees or forest for the purpose of farming, lumbering, mining, grazing, etc without immediate replanting of trees.
Effects of deforestation include:
(i) It exposes the soil to rain and wind erosion
(ii) It destroys the natural forest which is rich in natural resources
(iii) It could lead to flooding and desertification.
Control include
(i) Afforestation: which is the planting of new trees
(ii)Avoiding over-grazing
(iii)Avoiding indiscriminate bush burning
(iv) Use of forest guards.
(b) Drought: This is also called dryness. It occurs when there is-no rainfall or when it is inadequate with increase in temperature. It causes heat and dusty environment, poor yield of crops and desert encroachment. Control is by irrigation, mulching of the ground to conserve water, planting of trees, creation of shelter belts, etc