(a) Urban settlement is a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals usually found in towns, cities or megalopolis while rural settlement is a relatively small and scattered settlement of socially and culturally homogenous individuals found in villages or hamlets.
(b) Four factors responsible for the increase in size of urban settlement include:
(i) Availability of jobs (or employments)
(ii) Presence of social amenities, e.g electricity, water
(iii) Presence of administrative headquarters in urban area
(iv) Involvement of people in commercial and industrial activities in urban areas
(c) Four problems associated with urban growth:
(i) Inadequate transport facilities
(ii) Undue increase in human and vehicular traffic
(iii) Overuse and deterioration of available social services
(iv) increase in the rate of crimes.