(a) Birth rate - Death rate = Natural growth rate
L = 45 -32 = 13
P = 39 - 12.50 = 26.50
Q = 26 - 22 = 4
R = 22.50 + 4.50 = 27
S = 26.50 - 22.50 = 4
T = 20.50 - 3 = 17.50
(c) (i)Early or late marriages: Early marriages increase birth rates while late marriages reduce it.
(ii) The higher the number of females in a population the higher the birth rate and vice versa
(iii) Population control methods and campaigns can also reduce birth rates.
(iv) Improved medical facilities Increase birth rates.
(v) Changes in traditional attitudes and beliefs of people to have large families can reduce birth rates.
(vi) Improved economic situations can affect birth rates particularly in developing societies.