(a)(i) Structure of two isomers of X

(ii) Catalytic cracking

(iii) C\(_4\)H\(_8\) (12 - 8) = 4, (26 - 18) = 8

(iv) Name of Isomers drawn in a(iii) are: (A) But - 1- ene (B) But - 2 - ene (C) 2-methyl propene

(v) Balanced equation for the reaction between X and hydrogen.

C\(_4\)H\(_8\) + H\(_2\) ---> C\(_4\)H\(_{10}\)



(b) Test for fats: A small amount of the substance placed on a filter paper then rub or warm or melt on the filter paper. Formation of a translucent spot on the filter paper shows or indicates the presence of fats presence of fat or a small amount of the substance treated with Sudan III reagent/or Add Sudan III to the sample. Observation of a red colour shows the presence of fat.



(c) Molar mass of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\): [(1 x 2) + 32 + (4 x16)]

= 2 + 32 + 64 = 98 — 98g mol\(^{-2}\)

1 mole of O\(_{2(g)}\) --> 2 moles of H\(_2\)SO\(_2\)

1.5 mole of O\(_{2(g)}\) --> (2 x 1.5) moles of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) 3 moles of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

Mass of 3 moles of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 3 x 98 = 294g.



(d) (i) Enthalpy changes for reactions in their increasing magnitude.

\(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_2\) < \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_1\) < \(\bigtriangleup\)\(_3\) or \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_2\) \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_1\) \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_3\), or \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_3\) > \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_1\) > \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_2\) < lesser than > greater than

(ii) The explanation in the order of arrangement in (d) (i): Neutralization involves the combination of H\(^+\) and OH\(^-\) ions to give a specific amount of energy. The greater the ionization, the greater the energy given off \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_2\) involves a weak acid and a weak base/weak electrolyte. \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_1\), involves a stronge base and a weak acid. \(\bigtriangleup\)H\(_3\) involves a strong acid and a strong base.



(e) (i) Cu\(_{(s)}\) can conduct electricity,

(ii) NaH\(_{(g)}\) , BeCl\(_{2(s)}\), HF\(_{(l)}\) are soluble in water.