(i) Write the structure of 2—chloro-2—methylpropane. (ii) Consider the compound X represented by the structure below:
I. State the functional group in X; II. Give the IUPAC name of X; Ill. State the homologous series to which X belongs. IV. Give the names of two compounds from which X is formed. V. State one physical characteristt of X.
(b)(i) List two products obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum; (ii) State one use of each product in (b)(i) above, (iii) Mention one disadvantage of crude oil production
(c)(i) Mention the monomer of protein (ii) A compound has an empirical formula of CHO\(_2\) and its molar mass is 90. Deduce the molecular formula of the compound. [H = 1, C = 12, O = 16].
(d) Use the reaction scheme below to answer questions (i).— (iv).
(i) State the reagents needed for stages II and V; (ii) Nanie the product Q of reaction in stage IV; (iii) State the conditions required for stage III; (iv) Give the names of the processes in stages I, II, Ill and V respectively.
Explanation
(ii) I. Functional group
II. Ethyl ethanoate III. Alkanoates IV. Ethanoic acid and ethanol V. X has a fruity or sweet pleasant smell.
(b)(i) Petroleum gases – Petrol – Naptha – Kerosene – Diesel oil –Bitumen. (ii) Petroleum gases are used for petrochemical or as cooking gas. Petrol is used as fuel for car engine and vehicles. Kerosene is used as fuel for heating or as aviation fuel.
(ii) It cause oil spillage or environmental pollution. (i) Amino acid (ii) (CHO\(_2\)) = 90; 12n + n + 32n = 90 45n = 90 ; n = \(\frac{90}{45}\) = 2 ; Molecular formula of compound = C\(_2\)H\(_2\)O\(_4\)
(d) (i) Reagents for stages II Concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) ; V Hydrogen gas (ii) Q is 1, 2 — dibromoethane (iii) Conditions required for stage III is high temperature, high pressure and catalyst. (iv) — Fermentation — Dehydration — Polymerization —Hydrogenation.
