(a) (i) Polymerization is the combination of many molecules of the same kind to form a complex molecule Conc. H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) without gain or loss of material.
(b)(i) \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(aq)}\) \(CH_2CHCH_3\) + (\(H_2SO_4 + H_2O\)).
(ii) \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(aq)}\) + CHOOH --> \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(l)}\) + H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\)
(i) & (ii) are respectively dehydration and condensation type of reactions.
(c)(i) Carbon 40.O% = \(\frac{40}{12}\) = 3.33 moles ; Hydrogen 6.7% moles
\(\frac{6.7}{1} = 6.7\) moles
Oxygen 53.3% = \(\frac{53.3}{16}\) = 3.33 moles
Divide through by smaller number
i.e. C \(\frac{33}{3.33}\) : H \(\frac{6.7}{3.33}\) : O \(\frac{3.33}{3.33}\)
C = 1: H = 2.0: O = 1

Empirical formula = CH\(_2\)O(CH\(2\)O)x = 180
i.e. (30)x = 180
x = \(\frac{180}{30}\) = 6
Molecular formula = \(C_6H_{12}O_6\)

(ii) The intermolecular bonding in ethanoic acid is hydrogen bonding while the butane molecules are only aggregated by weak van der Waals.