(a) Give three differences between electrovalent compounds and covalent compounds (b) List two physical properties of metals which can be accounted for by their structure (c) Thorium (Th) metal undergoes a reaction represented by the following equation: \(^{234}_{90}Th \to X + ^{234}_{91}Pa\) (i) State the type of process involved in the reaction (ii) Balance the equation equation and hence identify X. (iii) Name one equipment which can be used to detect X. (iv) Sketch a curveto show the mass of given quantity of thorium will change over a long period of time. (d) Y is a moderately reactive divalent found naturally in the combined state as the trioxocarbonate (IV) salt, YCO\(_3\) is decomposed by strong heat, state the steps you would use in extracting Y from the ore. Write equation to show the chemical processes involved.
Explanation
(a)
Electrovalent compounds
Covalent compounds
Are made up of aggregates of oppositely charged ions.Can conduct electricity.Soluble in water.
Are made up of molecules.Do not conduct electricitySoluble in orgonic solvents
(b) Metals can be beaten into shapes i.e they are malleable. Metals are good conductors (c)(i) Radioctive decay by the emission of beta (\(\beta\)) particles. (ii) \(^{234}_{90}Th \to X + ^{234}_{91}Pa\)
X = e beta particle (iii) The Geiger Muller tube. (d) The ore is first roaste: oxide i.e YCO\(_{3(s)}\) \(\to\) YO\(_{(s)}\) + OC\(_{2(g)}\). Then the oxide is reduced to the metallic element i.e. YO\(_{(S)}\) + C\(_{(s)}\) \(\to\) Y\(_{(s)}\) + CO\(_{(g)}\) It is purified and granulated.
