Xerophytes grow in conditions of water scarcity, high temperature, strong winds, high transpiration rate and evaporation higher than precipitation. The essential adaptations of xerophytes, involve increased water absorption by roots, storing of water, and retardation of transpiof roots, stems and leaves to form thick, fleshy, water storage organs called succulents. Reduced franspiration is achieved by decreasing leaf surface, or modifying the leaves into spines, or by having thick leathery cuticle or wax - coating bearing leaves with well developed hypoderma and sunken stomata to reduce transpiration. They also have extensive and deep penetrating root system.