(a) Structure of the cell relating to its function(i) Sperm cell
Has a long/whip-like tail/flagellum, with which it swims to reach the egg/ovum of the female organism.
Has a head with acrosome; for digesting/penetrating egg membrane
Has a nucleus in its head; which fuses with the nucleus of the ovum/egg cell during fertilisation to form zygote
Its middle piece contains mitochondria; for supply of energy/ATP.
(ii) Palisade cell
Has thin wall; for easy penetration of light
Has numerous chlorosplasts in peripheral cytoplasm for maximum absorption of sunlight
Has large vacuole containing cell sap; for temporary stor-age of products of photosynthesis.
(b) Diagram of the front view of the female reproductive system Differences between reproduction in Mammals and Amphibians Mammals | Amphibians |
fertilisation is internal | fertilisation is external |
Development of offspring is internal / viparous born young ones alive | development of offspring is external / oviparous/ lay eggs |
placenta is present | placenta is absent |
shows parental care | does not show parental care |
produce fewer eggs / offspring | Produce numerous eggs/offspring |
(d) Methods of birth control in humans Abstinence
Use of contraceptive pills/injection of hormonal drugs
Coitus interruptus/withdrawal method
Safe period/rhythm method
Sterilization of men/vasectomy
Sterilisation of women/tubal ligation
Use of condoms/female condom/male condom
Use of spermicide/foam
Use of implant/Norplant
Use of IUD/intra-uterine devices
Use of diaphragm.