(a)(i) Definition of asexual reproduction: Asexual reproduction is the production of a new individual from a parent / organism / order individual, without fertilization / gametes / change in chromosome number/genetic constitution; it involves, a single parent.
(ii) Types of asexual reproduction in animals Types Example; Types | Example |
(1) Binary fission(2) Budding(3) Sporulation(4) Parthenogenesis(5) Schizogony(6) Fragmentation | Amoeba, ParameciumHydra/ObeliaAmoebaAphids, Honey beePlasmodium / MerozoidesPlanaria / Sponges / HydroidCoelenterate |
(b) Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
(1) One parent involved(2) No gametes formed(3) Meiosis not involved(4) No fertilization / fusion of gametes/ sex cell / no zygote formed(5) Offspring identical I. No genetic variation(6) Rapid / faster mode of reproduction(7) More individuals are produced | Two parents involvedGametes / sex cells formedmeiosis involvedFertilization / fusion of gametes / sex cells occur zygote formedOffspring vary genetically Slower mode of reproductionFewer individual are produced |
(c)
(d) Function of organelles;Acrosome - contains enzymes / lytic agents that help to digest the cell membrane of the female ovum during fertilization.
Nucleus; contains haploid number of chromosomes / genetic materials / DNA
Mitochondria; contain respiratory enzymes / for respiration that provide energy / site for production of energy for locomotion/ movement.