(a)i) of brooding as used in animal husbandry: lt is the provision of heat, feed, water medication, and protection for chicks/piglets in confinement from day old until they develop enough feathers/hairs.

(ii) Routine activities that are carried out in a brooder house:
- Provision of balanced diet/feed
- Provision of fresh and clean water.
- Provision of heat to chicks.
- Cleaning and washing of Water through.
- Removal and placement of litter.
- Vaccination/Medication.
- Culling of unproductive birds
- Separation of weak/injured birds from healthy flock.
- Ensure proper lighting especially at night
- Debeaking of birds at 6-8 weeks.
- Checking of inlet and outlet of pests
- Adjusting the hoover to make the chicks warm.
- Increasing the chick guard to make provision for growing chicks
- Ensure adequate ventilation

(b) Effects of parasite in livestock production:
- Cause diseases to animals vectors.
- Cause decline/decrease in productivity.
- Reduce the value of animal products/unattractive/market value
- Cause extra cost to farmer/reduce profit margin/reduced income.
- Cause stunted growth of animals/retarded growth.
- Cause anorexia/ loss of appetite.
- May cause the death of animals/coma.
- Block passage of food digestive tract.
- Cause restlessness.
- Loss of blood/causes anaemia
- Poor utilization of feed.
- Cause injury to animals.
- Farmers can be infested with the parasite.

(c) Ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production:
- Destroy freshwater snails.
- Avoid grazing animals by riverside/Swampy area/water-logged areas.
- Proper drainage of water bodies.
- Deworm/drench animals with recommended drugs.
- Avoid wet pasture/early morning grazing.
- Practice rotational grazing/pasture management.
- Practice liming of pasture.
- Introduce ducks to swampy pasture/biological control
- Pasture rangeland burning.

(d)i. Definition of artificial insemination as used in animal production: It is the process by which sperm/semen is introduced in the female reproductive system of an animal on neat by means other than the use of natural mating
(ii) Advantages of artificial insemination:
- Use of Semen of proven bull to cross a wide range of cows
- Reduces the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Enables the use of semen of lame, but fertile proven male
- Semen held in cold storage can be used for many years.
- Semen can be transported worldwide.
- lt prevents the use of oversized males
- Allows farmers to plan/synchronize parturition of cows.