1 (a) Main regions of the vertebral column of a sheep

Cervical/neck region
Thoracic/chest region
Lumbar/abdominal region
Sacral/pelvic region
Coccygeal/caudal/tail region


(b) Specialized functions of the regions of the vertebral column of a sheep
Cervical/neck region: Allows head movement in all directions/supports the head
Thoracic/chest region: Site of attachment of the ribs/supports the ribs
Lumbar/abdominal region: Site of attachment of apaxial muscles and muscles for breathing/supports the abdominal region
Sacral/pelvic region: Site of attachment of hind limbs/pelvic girdle
Coccygeal/caudal/tail region: Site for insertion of the muscles that move the tail / supports the tail

(c) (i) Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
(ii) Rumination or cud-chewing is the process by which the cow regurgitates previously consumed feed and chews it further