(a) Mention four parasites of farm animals. (b) Enumerate five ways in which the keeping of ruminants is important to the economy of your country. (c) List In management practices undertaken in caulk production. (d) State two ways in which each of the following management practices is important: (i) brooding (ii) debeaking (iii) culling.
Explanation
(a) Parasites of Farm Animals: (i) Roundworm (ii) Ringworm (iii) Trypanosome (iv) Liver fluke (v) Tape-worm (vi) Tick (vii) Louse (viii) Keds (ix) Coccidia (x) Schistosome (xi) Mite (xii) Flea (xii) Pin worm (xiii) Thread worm (xiv) Hookworm (xv) Fly (b) Ways in which Keeping of Ruminant is Important to the Economy of Nigeria: (i) Source of feed for animals e.g bone meal, blood meal, digesta (ii) Source of food for humans/source of protein/meat (iii) Source of industrial raw materials e.g skin/hides. (iv) Source of foreign exchange (v) Source of income (vi) For tourism (vii) Aesthetic purpose e.g horn, bone, skin (Viii) Used as gifts/bride price (ix) Source of employment (x) Pet (xi) Manure could be used as organic fertilizer (xii) some animals can be used as collateral security/wealth/loan (xiii) Source of farm power/animal traction/draught animal (xiv) Means of transport e.g cattle (xv) Source of bio-fuel/bio-gas (xvi) For research purposes/educational purposes. (xvii) For sport e.g ram show/fight. (c) Management Practices Undertaken in Cattle Production: (i) Castration (ii) Identification (iii) Dewomming (iv) Drenching (v) Feeding/grazing/ herding (vi) Disease control (vii) Parasite control (viii) Record keeping (ix) Weaning (x) Vaccination/inoculation (xi) Water supply (xii) Breeding, e.g cross breeding, inbreeding (xiii) Sanitation/cleaning often (xiv) Docking (xv) Weighing (xvi) Culling (xvii) Dehorning/disbudding (xviii) Hoof trimming (xix) Milking (xx) Dipping (xxi) Washing of animal/ grooming. (d) Importance of Management Practices: (i) Brooding: (i) Ensures easy access to feeds. (ii) Ensure easy access to water. (iii) Reduces mortality of chicks/ piglets. (iv) Enhances growth of chicks/piglets. (v) Protects chicks and pigs from predators. (vi) Protects chicks and piglets from bad weather. (vii) optimizes health status/ quality of the chicks/piglets. (ii) Debeaking (i) Reduces aggressiveness in birds. (ii) Reduces/prevents cannibalism/pecking/feather picking. (iii) Reduces egg eating/sucking (iii) Culling: (i) Eliminates the cost of feeding unproductive animals/minimize cost of feeding / reduces feeding. (ii) Reduces the spread of disease among the flock. (iii) Maintains high level of productivity in farm animals. (iv) Removes unproductive/ Unhealthy animal from the herd.
