(a) of terms used in animal production
(i) Flushing
Flushing is the practice of feeding female animals with good quality feed 2-3 weeks before and after mating with a male animal in order to increase conception rate.
(ii) Castration
This is the process of removing the testicles of a male animal or rendering the testicles unproductive by cutting off blood and nerve connections to the testicles.

(iii) Culling
This is the removal of unproductive/diseased/aggressive birds from a flock.

(b) Advantages of terms
(i) Flushing

Increases the chances of multiple births
Improves the health of female animals/prepares the animal’s health for conception
Enables the female animal to withstand the stress and strains of pregnancy


(ii) Castration

Prevents indiscriminate mating
Removes bad/unpleasant/strong odour from the meat of male animals e.g. goat
Makes male animals docile and easy to handle
Enhances feed conversion/efficiency ratio/increases carcass weight of male animals
Improves the quality of meat
Prevents sexually transmitted diseases
Prevents perpetuation of undesirable characteristics/traits


(iii) Culling

Removes unproductive birds from the flock
Reduces wastage of feed on unproductive/diseased birds
Removes aggressive/cannibalistic birds from the flock
Creates more space for productive birds
Reduces the spread of diseases


(c) Functions of survey equipment
(i) Prismatic compass

For determining position and displacement
Taking bearings
Measuring angular distances


(ii) Measuring tape

For measuring lengths (horizontal and vertical)
Determining definite points on straight lines
Marking right-angle triangle during farm layout


(d) Difference between floriculture and aquaculture

Floriculture is the production and management of ornamental plants such as trees, shrubs and flowers
While
Aquaculture is the production of fishes and other aquatic animals in different water bodies